International Code of ethnic tourism, as a regulator of the main aspects of tourism

International Tourism public is more concerned about the development of tourism in the right, social and humanitarian way. To this end, at the 13th session of the WTO, held in Santiago at the end of September 1999, adopted a new International Code of Ethics for Tourism. His goal - to send the right track development of the tourism industry in the new, XXI century. and help to increase the flow of tourists.

       Code is advisory in nature and is composed of 10 articles on various aspects of tourism activities. It is designed not only to specialists of tourist business, and government agencies, the media, as well as by tourists.

     Code was adopted on the basis of pre-existing (adopted 15 years before that) Code of Ethics and is a synthesis of various previously published international travel documents and declarations. It particularly emphasized the prohibition of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents.

      The Code stated that in the first place the development of tourist infrastructure should contribute to economic, social and cultural development of the local population. Development of the tourism industry and the construction of tourist facilities should not adversely affect the environment. State structures to ensure the safety of tourists and to take severe measures against any aggression against traveling. "Tourism has long played a major role in the development of society as a whole. In the coming years, its influence can significantly worsen, "- said the president of the WTO Francesco Frangialli at the 13th session of the WTO. However, according to the WTO, the rapid development of the industry can have both positive and negative effects. Creating new jobs and promoting sales of craft goods - an achievement the tourism industry. At the same time, the rapid development of the tourist infrastructure can affect the state of the environment, and the desire of the host countries to ensure that foreign tourists feel abroad "at home" - lead to the standardization of cultures. Code recommends to avoid standardization handicraft and souvenirs as well as tourists should always be interesting, because the new place - a new discovery.

     In the international tourism are a variety of tourist enterprises (hotels, tour operators, travel agents, transport companies, etc.). They are introduced to the market with many small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as large corporations. As in all other areas, the functioning of international tourism, the creation and distribution of high standards of service and advanced technology have a major impact large companies and corporations. Along with hotel chains, spreading its branches and franchises around the world, market policy and make major tour operators that have their own agencies in many cities and countries. Significant influence on the development of the tourist market also provide independent associations of tour operators and travel agents. A characteristic feature of the last period was the active penetration of capital of individual companies to overseas tourist markets. And with the introduction of a single European market, providing for the free movement of capital, this process will be more intense.

 Depending on the socio-economic conditions, as well as the relationship between the state of development of the national tourism market tourism in different countries develop uniform. Interestingly, the ten most visited countries different from the ranking of countries, mostly earned from tourism (Table 1.2). United States, which according to the number of visits is only the third place, a traditional leader by revenue from tourism. While France, a permanent leader in the number of visits, the third largest by revenue. Countries that are not among the leaders, but recorded a good increase in the number of visits, - Egypt (up 39.7%), Morocco (21.8%), Zimbabwe (17.3%) and Argentina (+22, 8%).