Historical emergence of tourism and its development over the millennia

   Travel to get acquainted with the culture and nature of other countries existed in the ancient world. For example, in ancient Egypt under the Pharaohs XI dynasty, more than 2,000 years BC often fitted out the expedition and to travel to other countries. At the height of the Greek city-states were formed centers are regularly visited by travelers, such as Olympia during the Olympic Games. Games participants arrive in advance, so they called for a specific service: constructed space for training, provided personal services, or in a modern service - baths, meals, departure ceremonies. For placement of competitors and fans to build special living facilities.

    In the XVIII century, an entirely new kind of travel - entertainment and outdoor recreation. Thanks to Jean-Jacques Rousseau's novels "Emile, or On Education" and "Julie, or the New Heloise" in Europe have become popular travel scenic spots, the description of which was given in these works.

    The very first trip, which was the prototype for future package tours, organized in 1841 for members of sobriety Thomas Cook. Range of services include 20-mile trip by rail, tea, biscuits and a brass band. The trip cost only one shilling (!), And participated in it as much as 570 people. In 1851 he organized the trip is for 165,000 people to London for the first International Exhibition.

      Beginning of XX century. associated with the emergence and development of different modes of transport. The creation in 1769 by German inventors of Daimler and Karl Benz car with an internal combustion engine gave mankind a fast and comfortable way to travel. Already in the first half of the XX century. cars and buses in the European countries and the U.S. is becoming a common mode of transportation. For example, in England in 1904 was 8 465 thousand cars, and in 1914 - 132 thousand 315. By the end of the 30's. annually about 10 thousand tourists from England to travel by car in Europe, in 1935, their travel routes reached Moscow and Leningrad.

     In 1903 in America, the Wright brothers invented the plane, at the same time there are the first aircraft in Europe. Improving maritime transport, built huge ships of the time - "Sirius", "Lusitania", "Mauritania", "Emperor", "Fatherland" and others because of the high cost of travel on ships of the company - the owners of ships working in the highly competitive . But by themselves voyages were not yet formed as an integrated tourist product, which later became known as "cruise." Development of sea and air transport contributed to the increase in international travel. Statistics show that, on the eve of the First World War the maximum number of Americans who went abroad amounted to 287 thousand people.

 From the analysis of trends in tourism over the period of 50-90's. Made by the World Tourism Organization, the following reasons, the basic directions in the development of international tourism:

 50-ies. - The period of post-war reconstruction of Europe and South-East Asia, the development of road and air transport, began systematic collection of data on tourism worldwide;

- 70-ies. - The period of established trends towards peace and stability in most of the states, resolution of socio-political conflict, the search for new forms of relations between the countries of the socialist and capitalist orientation, began the steady development of tourism contacts in those countries;

- 90-ies. - A period of high-tech industry of tourism, the development of large multinational corporations, hotel chains and food businesses in countries with a favorable environment for the development of tourism.

     Thus, the development of international tourism in the XX. to promote the political, economic, technical, cultural, and social factors (both internal and external). The intensive development of tourism was noted in countries with favorable domestic and foreign policy, sustainable economic potential, a sufficient level of cultural and social support. It should be noted that a significant positive impact on growth in international tourist exchanges have had the development of transport, improving its comfort at affordable prices, as well as the development of information and communication.